If the KGWO arrival is further out, what should the student do?

Using vertical separation when the KGWO arrival is further out is the correct approach because it allows air traffic controllers to safely manage the traffic flow and maintain safety in the airspace. Vertical separation involves managing aircraft at different altitudes, thus ensuring they remain safe distances apart. This is particularly useful when traffic congestion increases as aircraft approach an airport, allowing for efficient use of airspace and preventing potential conflicts.

Implementing vertical separation can be an effective strategy, especially if the conditions permit. This approach helps in optimizing the arrival sequence and can assist in managing delays without necessarily causing significant disruptions to the overall flow of traffic.

The other choices may not effectively address the situation of managing an arrival that is further out. Delaying landing clearance could lead to increased holding times and more frustrative circumstances for pilots and passengers. Directing an arrival to hold might be a potential solution, but it could also lead to unnecessary fuel burn and increased workload in managing the additional holding patterns. Increasing the separation distance does provide safety, but it may not utilize airspace as effectively as maintaining vertical separation allows for more dynamic range of altitude and spacing management, which can accommodate more arrivals.