What must all manual handoffs and point outs to another ERAM facility reference for target identification?

The correct choice emphasizes the importance of using both the beacon code and the call sign for target identification during manual handoffs and point outs to another ERAM (En Route Automation Modernization) facility.

In air traffic control, the beacon code is a unique identifier assigned to each aircraft, transmitted via its transponder, while the call sign is generally the name or designation of the flight, which can include the airline name and flight number. Together, these two pieces of information provide clear and unambiguous identification for the receiving facility, ensuring that the aircraft in question can be accurately tracked and managed throughout its flight, minimizing the risk of miscommunication and improving overall safety.

While flight duration, previous flight history, and altitude are all important aspects of managing an aircraft's progress and ensuring effective separation, they do not serve as unique identifiers. Without the unique identifiers provided by the beacon code and call sign, it becomes challenging to ensure that the receiving facility is referencing the correct aircraft during a handoff or point out, which is crucial for maintaining safety and operational efficiency in air traffic control.